“To reach a port, we must sail - sail, not tie at anchor - sail, not drift. " -Roosevelt

NSE in its new circular has dropped about 25% of the stocks from Futures and Options Segment. Well before the number surprises you, the actual numbers are not that terrifying considering that the whole equity F&O market itself is small as compared to developed countries. There were only 252 stocks that were allowed to be in F&O segment at the beginning of the year. 68 stocks have been dropped in this year citing liquidity reasons, stock manipulation etc.

Bid ask spread movement is an interesting metric to track in a day. It has been observed in developed markets that it follows a U shaped pattern More details in this paper :Limit orders and Bid-Ask Spread In Indian markets case, came across a 3 pager in Economics and Political weekly that says that the bid ask spreads do follow the same U pattern. Link : Are you getting a good deal?

“The best thing about the future is that it comes only one day at a time” - Lincoln

Academic literature on GARCH and flavors of GARCH runs in to tons of papers by various researchers. The idea behind GARCH and all its flavors is that there is a conditional variance equation governing the evolution of usual returns, the residuals of which were otherwise assumed homoscedastic. There are a lot of variations of this conditional variance equation which gives rise to various flavors of GARCH. Some of the markets have seen EGARCH performing better than other flavors.