Statistics stands on two pillars, estimation and inference. Pretty much anything you work on stats, you end up either estimating something or inferring something. If you take a random sample of people who have taken a stats101 course at some point in their lives and ask them what was the course all about , a most likely answer would be, “It was something to do with p-values”. Statistics at it core is about comparing a set of numbers with each other , with theoretical models and with past experience.